Sunday Reading : Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

       Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie born on 15 september 1977 is a Nigerian novelist, writer of short stories, and notification. She has written the novels,
(1) Purple Hibiscus (2003)
(2) Half of a Yellow sun (2006)
(3) Americanah (2013).
And the short story collection, The Thing Around Your Neck(2009). And The book-length essay, We should All Be Feminist (2014). She is an excellent speaker.

(1) Talks on importance of story Literature
=> In first video she tells about the danger of single story. In first video she also talks about her family, her childhood. In the childhood she starts writing. She also talked about the literature and also talked about the danger of single story about any place, country people that you can not judge
anyone without anu kind of authentication. She read and write about British story, white characters with blue eyes.

(2) We should All Be Feminist
=> In second video she talks about Feminism. Society gives more importance to male than female. Society creates a difference between male and female. Male and Female both are equally qualified but male got a chance and job. But does not gives chance and job to female. And she also said that people make culture. Culture does not make people.

(3) In third video she talks about truth in post - truth era. She said that speaking truth it needs a courage. She said that post truth is very dangerous weapon in this 21st at century,especially in political parties. And she also said that not stop self  to telling a truth is important. And she also said that, Always doubt in such things create the habit of self doubt and self belief is important aspect.

Thinking Activity on Wordsworth's preface to Lyrical Ballad

Thinking Activity on Wordsworth's preface to Lyrical Ballad

     The preface to Lyrical Ballad is an essay composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballad and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.

(1) What is the basic difference between the poetic creed of 'Classicism' and 'Romanticism'? 
=>  classicism and Romanticism two ideologies. They are school of thought or It is a technique of writing. In Classicism intellect is the guiding source and in Romanticism imagination is the guiding source. Romantic poetry is highly imaginative. Classical poets believes in restrained and Romantic poets did not believes in restrained and Romantic poets believes in liberty, freedom. They believed that poet is free to describe, express their feelings through words in the way he likes. In Classicism they realied on the classical master. They followed them. In Romanticism they realied on imagination. And they do not followed classical writer. But they followed medieval writer. In Neo-Classical period they represents city life and urban life. In Romanticism they represents rustic life, rural people. Romantic poets believes in subjectivity. And Classical poets believes in objectivity.

(2) Why does Wordsworth say 'What' is poet? Rather than 'Who' is poet?
=> Wordsworth say what is poet? Rather than who is poet because poet is different and better than ordinary man. A poet is a man speaking to men endowed with more lively sensibility. He finds more enthusiasm, more tenderness and talent in poet. A poet has a great knowledge of human nature. Inherent talent within a person to come with poetry is important. Poet has a more comprehensive soul. His observation and collect the emotions is powerful and better than ordinary man. For him spirit of life is important. His participation  is more important. Where even things do not exists the poet creates that things. So he has a unique vision to create his poetry.

(3) What is poetic diction? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested by Wordsworth in the preface?
=> poetic diction means 'Choice of words'. Every poet has their unique and individual style of writing. For Wordsworth "The language as really use by men" is important. He says genuineness is in rural life and artificiality is in City dwellers. For him genuineness is more important than artificiality. According to him Neo-Classical poet write in highly ornamental language. So ordinary man does not understand the real meaning of poetry. But Romantic poets does not write in ornamental language. But their language of poetry is natural. So ordinary man easily connects with this poem.

(4) What is poetry?
=> After Dryden Wordsworth offers this definition of poetry,  "Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings it takes, it in form of emotion recollected in tranquillity". Poet describes his emotions, feelings, experience through words and poetry.

(5) Discuss 'Daffodils- I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

=> In Daffodils poem four stanzas are there. First three is written in past and the last is written in present. Tone of the poem is subjective. Wordsworth says when he is vacant and pensive mood he recollects the Daffodils. Wordsworth describes his feelings, emotions and experience in this poem. And he creates a beautiful picture of Daffodils through his words in front of our eyes. When he remembers The Daffodils again he felt the Spontaneous overflow of powerful happiness. 

Thinking Activity on Dryden's Essay on Dramatic poesy

Thinking Activity on Dryden's Essay on Dramatic poesy

(1) Do you find any difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of play?
=> Aristotle's definition of Tragedy :-

  "Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornaments, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of  narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions."

=> Dryden's definition of play :- 

    "A play ought to be a just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions and humour and the changes of fortune to which it is subject for delight and instruction of mankind."

         Aristotle says tragedy is serious action. And In Dryden's definition of play Dryden says just and lively image of human nature. In tragedy pity and fear is there. Both are important in tragedy. Pity and fear creates tragedy. And In play instruction of mankind and delight is there. Delight and instruction of mankind is important in play. In Aristotle's definition Catharsis is there and In Dryden's definition delight is there.

(2) If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the Ancient or the Modern? Please give reasons.
=> Ancients and Moderns both are important. Both are attached with together for some points. There is a relationship between past and present, humanity and nature and knowledge. In the age of Dryden there is the most important debate on the comparative merits and demerits of the ancients  and moderns.Ancient closely observed nature and faithfully represented her in their work. The moderns have new ideas, new techniques of writing. Ancient and both are better. It is difficult to judge them. 

(3) Do you think that the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate? (Say for example, Death should not to be performed as it is neither 'just' not 'lively' image, displaying duel fight with blunted swords, thousands of soldiers marching represented as five on stage, mingling of mirth and serious, multiple plots etc.) 
=> French play writer follows the Ancients style, techniques of writing. And English play writer follows the moderns style, technique of writing. French plays does not divided into act and scenes. But English plays divided into act and scenes. That's why French plays boring in comparison of English plays. In English plays there is a mixture of tragic and comic elements. Lisideus is in fever of French plays and Neander is in fever of modern plays. Neander represents the thoughts of Dryden. Lisideus says in french plays clarity is there. And Neander says in English plays satisfaction is there. In French plays smallness, pursuit of one plot, Little action, Narrowness of imagination is there. And In English plays is longer. And English play have Subplots, More Action and Broadness of imagination is there. 

(4) what would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play? 
=>  I would like to prefer poetic dialogues in the play. Poetic dialogues are in form of Blank Verse or Rhyme. So It gives a new charm. Poetic dialogues helpful to describes a important situations or incidents. Poetic dialogues pleases to reader or audience. Audience does not becomes bored while watching the play or reading the play. 

Thinking Activity on Coleridge's Biographia literaria

Thinking Activity on Coleridge's Biographia literaria 

The Biographia Literaria is a critical work by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Which is contained in 24 chapter. In this critical disquistion, Coleridge concern himself not only with the practice of criticism but also with the its theory. In chapter of XIV of Biographia Literaria, Coleridge's view on nature and function of poetry is discussed in philosophical term. The difference between prose and poem is discussed by Coleridge and the difference between poetry and poem is discussed by philosopher. 

(1) Write in your words the difference between Poem and Prose. 

 => A poem is written in short. In poem sentences are less and small. In poem rhythm and sound is important. Poem is written in stanza. In poem imagination is more. But In prose reality is there. In poem poet stress on imagination and In prose writer stress on reality. Prose does not pay attention to rhyme and rhythm. In prose sentences are more and long. In poem meaning is shallow.  But In prose meaning is deep. A poem is easy to understand. But In prose it is difficult to understand. Because In poem sentences are simple and In prose sentences are complex. And also meaning is hidden in prose. 

(2) Write in your words the difference between poem and poetry. 

=> There is a minor difference between poem and poetry.  Poem gives pleasure and poetry gives aesthetic delight. Poem is primary imagination and poetry is secondary imagination. In poem language 

is material and In poetry language is natural. In poetry feelings, emotions are true. Poetry is creative writing and poem is piece of writing. In poem imagination, fancy are more. But In poetry deals with real emotions, feelings and experience of writer.

(3) Give illustration to support your answer. 

=> Example of poem :-

=> Example of poetry :- 

=> Example of prose :- 

Prose also uses in play in form dialogues or paragraph or sometimes prose is also written in form of article or section. 

Thinking Activity of Robinson crusoe movie screening review

              The Robinson crusoe is written by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1719. On 22 september we have watched the film of Robinson crusoe which was directed by Luis Bunuel. Genre of this novel is historical fiction and Adventure fiction. In this main characters are Robinson crusoe, Friday, Xury, The portuguese captain, The spaniard.
             Robinson crusoe is an English man from the town of york in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of German origin. Encouraged by his father to study law. Crusoe expresses his wish to go to sea instead. His family is completely against Crusoe going out to sea, and his father explains that it is better to seek a modest secure life for oneself. His family does not like. But for Robinson sea life is important. He likes sea life. But his family does not like. Initially Robinson is commited to obeying his father. When a strom causes the near deaths of crusoe and his friend, the friend is dissuaded from sea travel, but Crusoe still goes on to set himself up as merchant on a ship leaving London. This trip is financially successful and Crusoe plans profits in the care of a friendly widow. After sailing around for a while ge makes a bit of money in trade,but then is captured and made into slave off the coast of Africa. Here he befriends a young man named Xury, with whom he escapes from captivity. Xury and Robinson both are travelers.

     

     Incidentally his ship is broken. And he reached on the unknown island. He is alone. He builds a three main structures, his initial shelter, his country home on the opposite side of the island and his guns and ammo fort in the woods. He spends his time planting corn, barely and rice. He learns to bread. He builds a furniture, weaves, baskets and makes pots. He learns many thing on this island.

            One day crusoe sees a foot print in the shore and he learns that he is actually not alone on this island. There are also cannibals. Crusoe struggles with question of wether or not be should take revenge on them.

            Eventually he meets with Friday, a native man whom he is able to rescue from the cannibals. Crusoe teaches Friday English and converts him into Christianity.  Robinson is master of Friday. Robinson saves him. Robinson meets him on friday that's why Robinson gives name him Friday. Friday becomes a slave of Robinson. Master slave relationship highlighted in the novel. Robinson teaches Friday. For Friday it is new experience. But he follows whatever his master said. Both's language is different and also culture is different. But Friday many things learns from Robinson. And Robinson also learns many things on this island. Robinson learns farming. He becomes the ruler of this island.

                Robinson likes a company of animals. He is happy with animals. When he is alone, stranger. At that time he feels loneliness. He needs a support. At that time he got a company of animals. Animals becomes a support for Robinson.

              Friday also likes a company of animals. When Robinson incidentally reached on this island at that time he is not able to find way of England. On this island he begins his new life. He makes a cave for protection. He got a company of animals and Friday. He got a support form them. Robinson becomes a life saviour of Friday. He saves Friday's life. Then Friday becomes a slave. Robinson is creative. He made many things. Whatever he needs he made.

              Friday and Crusoe also rescue a spaniard. Eventually, an English long boat full of sailors lands on the island. Crusoe learns that the man have mutinied against their captain. After Crusoe helps restore order to the ship, the men and captain pledge allegiance and agree to take him home. And then at the end of the novel Robinson return to the his home England with Friday.
             He does not want to leave this island. Because he is emotionally attached with this island. He learns many things on this island. This island gives many things to him. And also he becomes the king of this island. And also he becomes a master of Friday. And he becomes a creative person on this island. He made many things on this island. He earns money on this island. He meets Friday on this island. He becomes rich on this island. Whole story of Robinson describes in the novel.
         
     
          

Evaluate a story of Kanthapura

Assignment :- 4 Evaluate a story of Kanthapura

Name :- Rathod Nikita P.

Roll no :- 32

Enrollment no :- 2069108420190038

Sem :- M.A. Sem-1

Pepar :- 4 ( Indian Wtiting in English ( Pre-Independence) )

Assignment topic :- Evaluate a story of Kanthapura.

Email-id :- nikitarathod0101@gamail.com

Year :- 2018-2020

Submitted to :- Smt. S.B.Gardi Department of English, Maharaja Krishankumarshinji Bhavanagar University.

(1) Evaluate a story of Kanthapura.

ð Kanthapura is in written in1938 .kanthapura is written by Raja Rao.  In Kanthapura , Raja Rao tells a story about a village in the southern portion of India where there is a traditional caste system. The town known as Kanthapura does not abide by modern processes, however most people within the location believe that they are blessed by an entity known as Kechamma. The village has approximately 120 homes with about 700 people. Within the caste system, the Brahmins are said to be the highest group and then there are two different groups that are known as tradesmen who are both weavers and potters. After the tradesmen, there are sudras who are known as laborers and pariahs who are known as untouchables.

    During the introduction and first chapter of the novel, the reader is informed that the story is told during the 1930s, during the same time that Mahatma Gandhi tries to familiar liberation in terms of politics. The narrator of the story is an old widow by the name of Achakka and she is known to a Brahmin, which is the highest caste in the system. She tells the story of the main character known as a Moorthy, also a Brahmin, who has left University in order to become an activist for the Congress of India.

     In chapters two and three, Moorthy tries his best to promote the teachings of Gandhi throught the nation of India. He frimly believes in non-cruelty and he indicates that each person should be able to have a sense of inner peace. Even though he tries to relay this message, he is often distracted by the many negative factors within the village of Kanthapura. Many people do not believe in Gandhi’s message and in  turn they do not take Moorthy seriously. Since there is a great level of resistance in the village, police authorities are forced to oversee daily life in Kanthaputra. One of the policemen known as Bade Khan does not believe in Moorthy’s actions at all and he indicates thst Gandhi’s teaching undermines all of social order and religion in the world.

As rhe chepters progress his knowledge she is shows her courage. He is stands up to local authority. Eventually Moorthy’s mother passes away.  The Brahnnins clerks of Kanthapura invite Moorthy to the

Estate in order to create an increased sense of awareness regarding the social injustice taking place. When Moorthy enters the estate, Bade Khan shows up and physically injures him. Fortunately, there are other members in the estate who are able to defend Moorthy. After the incident, Moorthy is very unhappy with the turns of events and he prays that violence would just come to an end.

Due to the injustice that was faced at the estate, Moorthy decides to go on a fast for three days, just like Gandhi would participate in. At the end of the fast, Moorthy is very happy and he feels victorious that he is able to rise above those people with small minds. Even though he is satisfied with himself, the foreign government approaches Moorthy and tells him that he is provoking violence throughout Kanthapura. Due to his actions, the police officers decide to arrest him.

Moorthy is sent into prison. For three months because the authorities believe that he is the reason that there are many violent outbursts. In his presence, Rangamma stays active and she develops a volunteer crops committee. Within the group, she inspires women to have courage and to continue fighting for their freedom through the use of non-violence.

Once Moorthy is released from jail. He maintains a positive stance. When he approaches his home, he finds that there are many people waiting for him, cheering him on since they believe in this peaceful attitude. After Moorthy’s release from prison, there continue to be arrests of people who are protesting social injustice and brutality, especially against the women. There are police officers who are seen chasing women and trying to abuse them. There are also instances where the officers start beating people for no justifiable reason. Within Kanthapura the increased violence that is he has taken the time to promote peace, following Gandhi’s philosophy. Regardless, Moorthy continues to try and make strides in order to change the ways of Kanthapur.

Once one year has passed, it is seen that approximately 30 refugees from Kanthapura have fled and have settled in Kashipur. These people look to their Lord  save them from  the injustices that were once brought to them in Kanthapura. As time goes on, they still have a desire to make their nation free again through the assistance of Gandhi and the belief in their deities.

As a village, Kanthapura is divided into the Indian caste system, much

The whole village divides in caste system. And they strically follows the rules of religion or caste-system. For people religion and caste is more important. Moorthy is Gandhian man. He is young Brahmin who leaves for the city to study, where he becomes familiar with Gandhian lifestyle, wearing home-spun khaddar and discarded foreign clothes and speaking out against the caste system. At that time people are rigid. Heartbroken to hear this , Moorhy’s mother Narasamma dies. After this, Moorthy starts living with an educated widow, Rangamma,who is active in India’s independence movement.

Morthy is then invited by Brahmin clerks at the Skeffington coffee estate to create an awareness of Gandhian teachings among the pariah coolies. Ehen Moorthy arrives; he is beaten by the policeman Bade Khan- and action for which they are then thrown out of the estate. Moorthy continues his fight against injustice and social inequality and becomes a staunch ally of Gandhi. Although he is depressed over the violence at the estate, he takes responsibility and goes on a three-day fast and emerges morally elated. A unit of the independence committee is then formed in Kanthapura, with the office bearers vowing to follow Gandhi’s teaching under Moorthy’s leadership. The British government accuses Moorthy of provoking the townspeople to inflict violence and arrests him. Though the committee is willing to pay his bail, Moorthy spends the next three months in prison, the woman of Kanthapura take charge, forming a volunteer crops under Rangamma’s leadership. Rangamma instills a telling them stories of notable women from Indian history. They face police brutality, including assault and rape, when the village is attacked and burned. Upon Moorhy’s release from prison, he is greeted by the loyal townspeople, who are now united redardless of caste. The novel ends with Moorhy and the town looking to the future and planning to continue their fight for independence.

Achakka provides a detailed picture of the rural setting. Achakka is quickly creates a faithful image of an Indian way of life. The main theme of Kanthapuara is the struggle for freedom. They wants freedom. That’s why they does hard work for freedom. People of this village believes Gandhian principles. That’s why they follows Gandhian principle. In this Moorhy is like a Gandhi. When Gandhi fights for freedom. As well Moorthy is also fights for freedom. Moorhy is the centre of the novel. Whole incidents for freedom he plays a lead role in this movement. Whole the story is around him. He believes in non-violence like Gandhi. People of village also give a support to him. though there are

    The theme of Kanthapura is the unification of different Indian castes under a Gandhian system of social justice during the fight against British rule of India. At the beginning of the novel. Kanthapura , a rural Indian village, is divided by caste.

As a village, Kanthapura is divided firmly by the Indian caste system, much like India is divided during this period. This manifests in both physical and subtler ways- the village is literally divided into quarters for each caste, and the system is enforced by social oversight. Although there are friendships across certain classes, the pariah class are uniformly treated as exiles from society and ostracized by all classes .morhey’s embrace of them is one of the greatest shocks to the existing social structure, and leads to his excommunication from the Brahmin Class. Outsiders who do not fit.

ð Conclusion :-

   In this novel there is a unique way to telling a story is there. This story attached with felling and emotions. Achakka when tells a story she is becomes emotional. Her feelings described in this story. Past and present logic used in this story. In village there is a mixture of religion and political issues are there. Here in this story Lord Shiva compared with Swaraj. It is important to reformed society. In this Spinning and prayer compared for purification. In this religion is in base. Raja Rao mixes the issue very well.

Evaluate a story of Robinson Crouse

Assignment - 3 Evaluate a story of Robinson Crouse

Name  :- Rathod Nikita P.

Roll no :- 32

Enrollment no :- 2069108420190038

Pepar no :-  2 ( The Neo-Classical Lirerature )

Sem :- M.A. Sem:- 1

Year :- 2018-2020

Email-id :-  nikitarathod0101@gamail.com

Assignment Topic :- Evaluate a story of Robinson Crouse

Submitted to :-  Smt.S.B.Gardi Department of English , Maharaja krishankumarshinji Bhavanagar Univwersity.

(1) Evaluate a story of Robinson Crosoe.

This novel is written by Daniel Defoe. This novel is Adventure story. This novel is written in 1719 in London, England. In this novel Robinson crosoe is main character. He is narrator of the novel. And narrator begins the novel as a young middle class man in York in search of a career . His father recommends the law but crusoe years for a life at sea and his subsequent rebellion and decision to become a merchant is the starting point for the whole adventure that follows . His voyage but recurring feelings of gulit over his disobedience color the first of the first half of the story and show us how deep crusoe’s  religious fear is. The life and strange surprising Adventure of Robinson Crousoe , of York, Mariner : who lived Eight and Twenty years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America , near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck , wherein all the men perished but himself . With An account how he was at least as strangely delivered by pyrates.

        The narrator introduces himself as Robinson Crusoe. He was born in 1632 in the city of York to a good family. His father is a foreigner who made money in merchandise before setting to down and marrying his mother, whose surname is Robinson. His true last name is Kreutznaer, but has been corrupted into crousoe by the English. There are two older brothers in the family ; one died in the English regiment, and Robinson does not Know what became of the other.

        Crusoe’s  father has  designed him for the law, but early on his head is filled  with “rambling thoughts “ of going to sea. No advice or entreaties can diminish his desire. His father gives him “excellent advice and counsel,  “telling him that only men of desperate and superior fortunes go abroad in search of adventures, and that he is too high or too low for such activites .  His station is the middle station , a state which all figures ,  great  and small, will envy eventually , and his happiness would be assured if he would stay at home. Nature has provided this life,  and Robinson should not go against this. After all, look what happened to this life, and Robinson should not go against  this. After all, look what happened to his brother who went into the army. The narrator is truly affected by his father’s discourse, but after a few weeks he decides to run away. He prevails upon his mother to speak to his mother to speak to his father and persuade him to allow one voyage. If Robinson does not like it, he resolves to go home and think of the sea no more. She reluctantly reports their conversation, but no headway is made, no consent given. About a year later, he is able to procure free passage on a friend’s boat heading to London. Asking for no blessing or money, he boards the ship and leaves.

          Misfortune begins immediately. The sea is rough, and Robinson regrets his decision to leave home. He sees now how comfortably his father lives. The sea calms, and after a few days, the thoughts are disnmissed. The narrator speaks with his companion, marveling at the “storm”. His companion laughs and says it was nothing at all. There is drinking that night, and Robinson forgets his fear of drowning.  Within a few more days, the wind is behaving terribly , and then a true and terrible storm begins. Robinson spends much time in his cabin, laying down in fright . he sees nothing but distress , and is convinced he is at death’s door. The ship is being flooded , and he is commissioned to help bail water. At one point Robinson fraints , but is roused quickly . The water is coming too fast, so they board life boats. People on shore are ready to assist them, if they can reach land. The boats arrive at Yarmouth, and the magistrate gives the men rooms. They must decide whether or not to continue to London or return to Hull. His comrade notes that Robinson should take this as a sign that he is not meant to go to sea. They part in an angry state. Robinson travels to London via land. He is ashamed to go home and be laughed at by neighbors. Finally he decides to look for a voyage. He is deaf to all good advice, and boards a vessel bound for Guiana because he befriends the its captain. This voyage, save seasickness, goes well, but upon arrival the captain dies. Robinson resolves to take his ship and be a Guiana trader.

       Upon exploring the new land, Robinson himself says that they will both go and die together if one must die at all. Out on the sea is the semblance of proprieties, but these two follow their own laws.

       Robinson is master of Friday. Robinson saves him for some people. He meets him on Friday that’s why he gives name him Friday. Friday is slave. Both’s master slave relationship highlighted in the novel. Robinson teaches him. For Friday it is strenge and new. After having been there about 12 days, Robinson decides to keep a calendar by making a large wooden post. He is very happy to have some pen and paper, three Bibles, two cats and a dog, all from the ship. Robinson is growing curious about the land on the other side of the island. Xury is a friend and servant of crusoe.

             The appearance of Friday will allow crusoe to live out his role as ruler of the island. As Friday and Robinson await their return, they spy another ship close to shore . It appears to be an English boat. Some men row to the island. Three of them are prisoners. The seaman are running about, trying to explore this strange place. Robinson dearly wishes that the spaniared and Friday’s father were here to help fight. While the seaman sleep, crusoe  and  Friday approach the prisoners, who see them as God- sent. They learn from one that is the captain of the ship , and his crew has mutinited. They want to leave him with the first mate and a passenger to perish. Robinson says he will try to save them on authority on the island, and that if the battle is won, that they take Friday and himself to England passage- free. It is agreed. They are able to surprise everyone on land, killing some and granting mercy to those who beg for their lives. Crusoe tells the captain of his life on the island. The captain of his life on the island. The captain is visibly moved. Next they want to recover the ship. On the water they hear shots. With the aid of a binocular-type instrument, they see another small boat of men approaching. The captain says only a few can be trusted; the chief organizer of the mutiny is in the boat. Robinson marshals his “troops,” consisting of Friday and the prisoners. They wait to start the battle.

         The plot becomes tangled at the end of the novel, with many new characters. Why the author waits so  long to wrap up crusoe’s time on the island is not clear. We can see this chapter as an extension of Crusoe’s imagined world, in which he is a powerful sovereign. Now, however, imagination blurs with reality, for Robinson truly is taking on the role of heroic leader. He does plan attack on the savages, and the rest of the men listen to him dutifully. Defoe wastes no time in changing the terminology referring to the captured men from “prisoners” to “my people” in the mind of the narrator. A lable such as “the Spaniard” becomes “my Spaniard”. It is certain that everyone under his gaze is added to his group of subjects, which had previously consisted of the Friday and the animal.

           Robinson crusoe starts farming on this Iceland. Crusoe representing English man. He crests myth. He stars earning. His identity reached on this Iceland.he is alone. He is stranger. He learns. He tries to know. He is not able to find way of England. On Iceland he begins his new life. He learns farming. He makes hut. He makes a cave for protection. Then he got a company of animals and Friday. He is life savior for Friday. He becomes the king of his Iceland. He becomes a master. He is helpful. He becomes a source of inspiration. His creativity, imagination makes him better. Xury and Crusoe both are travelers. Xury helps Crouse. Xury is black man. Xury is silent in the novel. The at the end of the novel he is return to his home England. But he does not want to leave this Iceland. He is very much attached with this Iceland but he goes.

ð Conclusion :-

The novel suggests the journey of Robinson Crusoe. He is centre of the novel. All the incidents happens around him. Robinson Crusoe earns money on this Iceland. He is selfish. He has given his shares to widow. Crusoe is mainly instrested in expanding his empire. In this novel we find one person narrator, imagery form and natural world and characters are interesting and believable.