Thinking Activity :- Gerad Genette

Thinking Activity :- Gerad Genette

Gérard Genette was a French literary theorist, associated in particular with the structuralist movement and such figures as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss, from whom he adapted the concept of bricolage.

Gérard Genette (born 1930) is a Frenchliterary theorist, associated in particular with the structuralist movement and such figures as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss, from whom he adapted the concept of bricolage.

He is largely responsible for the reintroduction of a rhetorical vocabulary into literary criticism, for example such terms as trope and metonymy. Additionally his work on narrative, best known in English through the selection Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, has been of importance. His major work is the multi-part Figuresseries, of which Narrative Discourse is a section.

His international influence is not as great as that of some others identified with structuralism, such as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss; his work is more often included in selections or discussed in secondary works than studied in its own right. Terms and techniques originating in his vocabulary and systems have, however, become widespread, such as the term paratext for prefaces, introductions, illustrations or other material accompanying the text, or hypotext for the sources of the text.

He gives a five types of narratives. 

(1) ordeor

(2) frequency 

(3) Duration

(4) mood

(5) voice

1) Order

Story arrangements like simple a murder occurs event -1 then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a detective event -2 and finally the murder is caught event -3. Generally Savdhan India Tv serial following these type of Chronological.  Example is a CID serial. 

2) Frequency

The separation between an event and its narration allows several possibilities. 

An event can be occured once and be narrated once.

An event can be ocuured once and be narrated many times. Example is Ramayana serial. 

3) Duration

There are the two main elements of duration.

First is ten years passed but a short narrative time it mean they narrated in few seconds. Example is new mahabharat serial or kumkum bagaya serial. 

4) Mood 

Genette said narrative mood is dependent on the distance and perspective of the narrator, and like music, narrative mood has predominant patterns. It is related to voice. 

5). Voice

Narrator is narrates the story in outside or he is becomes the part of the story. 

Example : three midtakes of my life in govind's charachar. Or in mobydick esmaile's character. 

Thinking Activity :- Postcolonial theory

Thinking Activity :- Postcolonial theory

Postcolonialism or postcolonial studies is the academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.

The name postcolonialism is modeled on postmodernism, with which it shares certain concepts and methods, and may be thought of as a reaction to or departure from colonialism in the same way postmodernism is a reaction to modernism. The ambiguous term colonialism may refer either to a system of government or to an ideology or world view  underlying that system—in general postcolonialism represents an ideological response to colonialist thought, rather than simply describing a system that comes after colonialism. The term postcolonial studies may be preferred for this reason.

Postcolonialism encompasses a wide variety of approaches, and theoreticians may not always agree on a common set of definitions. On a simple level, it may seek through anthropological study to build a better understanding of colonial life from the point of view of the colonized people, based on the assumption that the colonial rulers are unreliable narrators.

On a deeper level, postcolonialism examines the social and political power relationships that sustain colonialism and neocolonialism, including the social, political and cultural narratives surrounding the colonizer and the colonized. This approach may overlap with contemporary history and critical theory, and may also draw examples from history, political science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and human geography.

Sub-disciplines of postcolonial studies examine the effects of colonial rule on the practice of feminism, anarchism, literature  and Christian thought.

hilosophy), and as a politics (affairs of the citizenry), the field of postcolonialism addresses the politics of knowledge—the matters that constitute the postcolonial identity of a decolonized people, which derives from: (i) the colonizer's generation of cultural knowledge about the colonized people; and (ii) how that Western cultural knowledge was applied to subjugate a non–European people into a colony of the European mother country, which, after initial invasion, was effected by means of the cultural identities of 'colonizer' and 'colonized'.

Postcolonialism is aimed at destabilizing these theories (intellectual and linguistic, social and economic) by means of which colonialists "perceive", "understand", and "know" the world. Postcolonial theory thus establishes intellectual spaces for subaltern peoples to speak for themselves, in their own voices, and thus produce cultural discourses of philosophy, language, society and economy, balancing the imbalanced us-and-them binary power-relationship between the colonist and the colonial subjects.

Thinking Activity :- Northrop frye

Thinking Activity :- Northrop frye

DescriptionHerman Northrop Frye CC FRSC was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century. Frye gained international fame with his first book, Fearful Symmetry, which led to the reinterpretation of the poetry of William Blake.

1.What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

In literary criticism the term archetype denotes recurrent designs,pattern of action,character-type,themes and images which are identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature,as well as in myths,dreams and even social rituals. The archetypal critic tries to find this pattern,symbols and myths in present literary work.

2.What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

Northrop Frye has given a very unique idea of Archetypal Criticism by comparing the human emotions or human characteristics with the cycle of seasons.

Spring

The Spring season represents the Comedy. As the genre of comedy is characterized by the birth of hero,revival and resurrection. Spring also symbolizes the defeat of winter and darkness.

Summer

The season of summer indicates the Romance because summer is the culmination of life in the seasonal calendar, and the romance genre culminates with some sort of triumph,usually marriage.

 Autumn

The Autumn season signify the genre of Tragedy. As the Autumn is the dying stage of the seasonal calendar. That's why the Autumn is parallels to the genre of tragedy, because the genre of tragedy is known for the fall or demise of the protagonist.

 Winter

 The season of winter denotes the satire genre because of its darkness. It is a disillusioned   and mocking form of the three other genres.It is noted for its darkness,dissolution,the return  of chaos and the defeat of heroic figure.

3.Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Literature is the central division of the Humanities, flanked on one side by history and on the other side by philosophy.Here we can say that history and philosophy are twin pillars of literature.History represents the what was happen in past. Basically history is about past events and actions. While Philosophy is about morality and ethics of life.literature . Frye has used the word centrifugal which means to go away from literature and find background to understand literature.So for the batter understanding of the literature reader have to refer framework of history and philosophy for the understanding of ethics.

4.Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

Inductive method is journey which leads from specific to general.As we read some specific literary work and comes to a general conclusion,in this way we extend from specific outcome to general outcome.The best example of this method is grave digging scene from Hamlet, it is a specific scene and from that scene we come to some general conclusion. In that scene there were two grave diggers and they seemed in  quite in harmony with their work.They were talking with one another and singing a song during the time of grave digging.They were also mocking on dead Ophelia and commented that whether she allowed to buried or not. Here we can see that they have no grief for deadly one.It was their work and that's why they were habituated with it. It became their general work so they have  no emotion for dead one.

5.Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

Deductive method is a journey from general to specific.Music and rhythm both are the form of art. Music is a form of art which moves in time and painting is a form of art which moves in space.Music is rhythm and painting is pattern. In a music we can understand the rhythm of it while in painting we can understand the pattern of it.Rhythm is a narrative form,while pattern is simultaneous mental grasp of verbal structure and it has meaning and significance.It provides a mental visual. By listening some of the music we can't get everything, but  by looking at painting we can get idea of it's pattern.      

Thinking Activity :- Matthew Arnold

Thinking Activity :- Matthew Arnold 

Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.

* Que - 1 write about  one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find interesting and relevant in your times? 

Ans : Mathew Arnold discuss about good poetry in his essay. He says that " poetry is the criticism of life " . I like this idea which with he deal. It is also interesting. Usually poets are write about their experiences or there current situation in poetry. " criticism of life" means that profound application of ideas to life and poetry represented social, political and religion life. At present we find that generally poets are write about nature And also they connected with the truthfullness of poetry or beauty. 

* 

Que - 2 write about one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find out of date  and irrelevant in your time?

Ans : I am not agree with the idea of " Touch stone Mathod " which he discuss in his essay. Comparing the lines of the great poets with other poetry it is difficult. In this method talent of individual is not fairly judged and it also seems to neglect the beauty and uniqueness of an individual. It is not necessary to compare the work of an ancient writers with any other writers for passing judgement on their work.Because everyone has his/her own beauty, talent and uniqueness. Arnold's ideal poets are Homer and Sophocles in the ancient world but Chaucer, Dryden,Shelly and Pope fall short of the best because they lack high seriousness.It is not a fairway to judge the work of an art.What Homer and Sophocles wrote it might also be not relevant in today's time.By comparing the work of one with another it is not fairway to judge any writer's work.

Middle March

Thinking Activity :- Middle March 

Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is a novel by the English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), first published in eight instalments (volumes) in 1871–1872. The novel is set in the fictitious Midlands town of Middlemarch during 1829–1832,[1] and follows several distinct, intersecting stories with a large cast of characters. Issues include the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, and education. Despite comic elements, Middlemarch is a work of realism  encompassing historical events: the 1832 Reform Act, the beginnings of the railways, and the death of King George IV and succession of his brother, the Duke of Clarence (King William IV). It incorporates contemporary medicine and examines the reactionary views of a settled community facing unwelcome change. Eliot began writing the two pieces that would form Middlemarch  in the years 1869–1870 and completed the novel in 1871. Although initial reviews were mixed, it is now seen widely as her best work and one of the great novels in English .




A major theme in George Eliot's novel, Middlemarch, is the role of women in the community. The female characters in the novel are, to some extent, oppressed by the social expectations that prevail in Middlemarch. Regardless of social standing, character or personality, women are expected to cater to and remain dependent on their husbands and to occupy themselves with trivial recreation rather than important household matters. Dorothea and Rosamond, though exceedingly dissimilar, are both subjected to the same social ideals of what women should be.

Dorothea and Rosamond are on different levels of the intricate social spectrum in Middlemarch. As a Brooke, Dorothea's connections "though not exactly aristocratic, were unquestionably ëgood'"(p.7). Rosamond is of a slightly lower status, especially given that her father has married an innkeeper's daughter, thus further lowering the family's social rank. Although Dorothea and Rosamond enjoy similar amenities such as servants, the detailed social continuum of Middlemarch separates them.

Pre-tas Frankenstein by Mary shelley

   Pre-tas Frankenstein by Mary shelley 

(1) when did you haha dream?
       After a one year i saw a dream. It is very dangerous and horrible. It's like a real situation. I was very frightened. It is very bad experience for me. It is such a horrible and frightened for me.

(2) what did you see in your dream?
        I was alone in on a sterenge place . I am alone. This is very frightened situation. I see one strenge person who is looks is uglu . He
behaves something different. And then I feels fears.

(3) Based on your dream if you are asked to cteate, something , what type of creation would be there? 

       

   If  I crertes a dream in my dream i saw one man in forest. He forgets the way. And the person   is alone. He tries alot to find his way. At that time he listens something strenge voice. And then one perdpe is came. He is a ghost. His looks is ugly . 

(4) The creation will be ugly or Beautiful? 

     The creation is ugly and terribter. 

(5) If ugly why?  If beautiful, why?  

     Because it is hooror situation. That's why it becomes uglu. Becuse it creates a fears in our mind. 

(6)   what are your interpretation for the word monster? 
    Monster words creates something bad image in our mind. Becuse the words suggest the bad meanning . It is harmful for haman beings. 

(7) have you ever visited such kind of places which has connections with horror and teri?
 I have visited this types of horror places in my deram.but in real condition I never visited this types of places.

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